Iraq’s prime minister is chosen by Shi’ite political parties to reflect the fact that Shi’ites are the largest group in Iraq, while the Kurds receive the presidency.
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Kurdistan Region hopes for stability with new Iraq Prime Minister
Iraq’s prime minister is chosen by Shi’ite political parties to reflect the fact that Shi’ites are the largest group in Iraq, while the Kurds receive the presidency.
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Murders, cases of slave‑like labor in rural areas on rise in Brazil


Most of the murders took place in the Legal Amazon, an area of about 5 million km² that spans nine states and includes parts of three of Brazil’s seven biomes - the Amazon, Cerrado, and Pantanal. There were 16 cases, distributed across the states of Pará (7), Rondônia (7), and Amazonas (2).
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She also attributes this situation to the strengthening of a “consortium between land grabbing, organized crime, sectors of the state, and the private sector, which work together to target public lands and protected areas.”
The report shows that farmers are the main perpetrators involved in the murders. Of the 26 cases, they were responsible for 20, either as instigators or as perpetrators.
Other forms of violence that also increased from 2024 to 2025 included arrests (from 71 to 111), humiliation cases (from five to 142), and false imprisonment cases (from one to 105).
“The rise in cases of humiliation and false imprisonment, for example, is due to the arbitrary actions of the Military Police of the state of Rondônia, which in November 2025, as part of Operation Godos, interrupted a public meeting involving about 100 landless families evicted from their camps, as well as officials from the Ministry of Agrarian Development and Family Farming,” said Gustavo Arruda, a researcher at the Dom Tomás Balduino Documentation Center (Cedoc/CPT).
According to the researcher, the increase in arrests is also due to specific actions by state security forces against communities. As an example, he cited the Military Police of the state of Rondônia, which carried out several operations targeting members of the League of Poor Peasants (LCP).
Violence
When all types of conflicts are considered, land-related violence accounts for the largest share (75% or 1,186 cases), followed by labor conflicts (10% or 159), water conflicts (9% or 148), and encampments, occupations, and repossessions (6% or 100).
The main cases of land-related violence were pesticide contamination (127 cases), land invasions (193), and contract killings (113). The main victims were indigenous peoples (258 incidents), followed by squatters (248), quilombolas (244), and landless people (153).
Farmers represent the group responsible for the most violence in land-related cases (515 cases), followed by business owners (180), the federal government (114), and state governments (85).
The main cases of water-related conflict involved rural communities’ resistance to destruction or pollution (1,034), non-compliance with legal procedures (754), reduced access to water (425), and pesticide contamination (129).
Indigenous peoples were the main victims in water conflicts (42 incidents), followed by quilombolas (24), small farmers (20), and riverine communities (17).
The main perpetrators of violence in the water sector were mining companies (34), business owners (29), small-scale miners (26), farmers (23), and hydroelectric power plants (9).
Slave-like labor
The CPT report indicates a 5 percent increase in cases of slave-like labor or conditions analogous to slavery (159 in 2025) and a 23 percent increase in the total number of workers rescued from these conditions (1,991).
The researchers highlight the construction of a power plant in the municipality of Porto Alegre do Norte, in the state of Mato Grosso, where 586 people were rescued. They had been recruited in the North and Northeast regions of the country and were forced to sleep in cramped, overcrowded rooms, received inadequate food, and suffered frequent water and power outages.
The economic sectors with the highest number of rescued workers are power plant construction (586), crop farming (479), sugarcane (253), mining (170), and livestock farming (154). According to CPT, these are sectors that historically show the highest incidence of slave-like labor, with farming and livestock raising as recurring cases.
Socio-environmental platform
On Monday (Apr. 27), the Pastoral Land Commission, in partnership with the Institute for Society, Population, and Nature (ISPN), launched the Socio-Environmental Observatory, a civil society initiative that compiles systematized data from 1980 to 2023 on human rights violations, deforestation, and the expansion of industrial agriculture in Brazil.
According to the organizers, data from different sources will be compiled, cross-referenced, and made available in an interactive digital environment, allowing users to visualize, in a segmented way by state and municipality, the direct relationship between the expansion of commodity production and socio-environmental conflicts in the country.
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